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Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population
Jírová, Jitka
Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population Abstract The main objective of this study is to collect data and to provide information about current tuberculosis burden on European population and to capture the most important trends in development of spreading the infection in the European region in the period 1995-2010. A typology of the countries of the European region is performed on the base of main features of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the period 2008-2010. Detailed analysis of level of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality for each region was based on available data. The study also presents the plans of major world and European organizations to eliminate spread of tuberculosis.
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Coordination abilities and motor skills of premature children with perinatal load aged between 9-10 and their physiotherapy
Zavadil, Ondřej ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Zounková, Irena (referee)
The theoretical part (overview of theoretical knowledge) of the bachelor's thesis will present a research of selected key publications on the topic of premature children. The basic facts, specifics, spectrum of deficits or current care for these children will be described, because with the progress of medicine, the needs of premature children with low birth weight have changed significantly over the last thirty years. The work will focus on the knowledge supporting a comprehensive approach to the treatment of premature babies from the time they leave hospital until adulthood. The theoretical part will also include a description of children's coordination skills in the context of developmental kinesiology up to the period of their school age, together with the theoretical basis for the development of these skills. The bachelor thesis also presents a summary of therapeutic procedures for medical rehabilitation, especially from the point of view of physiotherapy. The practical part of the work consists of testing the level of motor functions of a group of 23 premature children with perinatal load aged 9-10 years with criteria: birth before the 32nd gestational week and birth weight less than 1500 g. From birth, these children are managed by the Centre for Comprehensive Care for Children by Perinatal...
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Impact of alcohol on health
Kohoutová, Iva ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Impact of alcohol on health Abstract According to World Health Organisation about 3 % of all deaths in the world are alcohol- -related. The Czech Republic has continuously high per capita alcohol consumption which is conected not only to health risks possibly leading to disability, permanent disability or to premature death. But also has social and economic impacts. Problematic drinking can decrease work performance which can lead to unemployment, it also increases risk of criminality and causes serious problems in family life. First part of this work briefly describes history and development of perception of alcoholism and its possible consequences. It also contains an analysis of alcohol consumption in the Czech republic and its sociodemographic determinants. The second part focuses on effects of alcohol on health and quantification of its impact on mortality and morbidity. Key words: alcohol, mortality, morbidity, alcoholism, injury, pregnancy
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Development of mortality on diabetes mellitus in developed countries, focusing on the Czech Republic
Koňařík, Martin ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Development of mortality on diabetes mellitus in developed countries, focusing on the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis addresses the development of diabetes mellitus mortality in selected developed countries between 1950 and 2008 and compares this development with the situation in Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic respectively. This development is analyzed by sex, age and type of diabetes. Furthermore it also deals with diabetes morbidity and the share of diabetes mortality from the total mortality. The main approach used in this thesis is analysis of standardized mortality rates and this analysis was done both for whole long-term time series and time series within each International Classification of Diseases for individual countries. Based on the results, it was found that the development of diabetes mellitus mortality was similar across selected countries. It could be divided into several phases. Differentiation between mortality rates of males and females that occurred during reference period was so significant that mortality rates of females which were always higher had dropped below the rates of males. This effect is called in this thesis as a transition from higher female mortality to higher male mortality and it occurred in different countries at different times and also had variable-length...
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Analysis of Incapacity for Work Due to Disease or Injury and Presenteeism in the Czech Republic
Krutská, Jana
Jana Krutská Analysis of Incapacity for Work Due to Disease or Injury and Presenteeism in the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this doctoral thesis is to provide the readers with as comprehensive view of the issue of sickness and accident rate of workers in relation to work attendance as possible. The dissertation deals with both absenteeism of sick individuals, i.e. the incapacity for work due to disease or injury, and presenteeism, that is the performance of gainful employment despite acutely impaired health condition. Due to the different nature and level of knowledge of the examined phenomena, each of them is devoted a different level of attention. The issue of the incapacity for work due to disease or injury is analyzed in more detail. Development of the parametric values is set in the context of administration and legal changes, which have occurred in the Czech Republic since the early 1990s, and conditionality of the occurrence of the incapacity for work due to disease or injury are further investigated based on individual anonymized data. In the part dealing with presenteeism, the dissertation introduces the readers to the basic findings that have been published so far about this type of addressing health incapacitation. Attention is also paid to the mutual comparison of the incapacity for work...
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Analysis of morbidity in Czechia investigating health care provision and take-up in relation to diabetes mellitus
Kocová, Markéta
Analysis of morbidity in Czechia investigating health care provision and take-up in relation to diabetes mellitus Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disease which presents as hyperglycaemia or raised blood glucose. Late detection or a failure to follow treatment guidelines may lead to complications that significantly impact on the sufferer's daily life and require expensive medical treatment. The growing prevalence of this disease, which no longer only affects developed countries, therefore presents enormous risks to health care systems and society as a whole. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the geodemographic characteristics of the current diabetic population in Czechia. Particular attention will be paid to the age of diabetes sufferers, since in Czechia data on this is lacking. In pursuit of this aim the thesis makes use of anonymised data from the largest Czech health insurance company (Czech General Health Insurance). The first part of the thesis looks at diabetes mellitus as a medical condition, concentrating primarily on the basic types of the disease but also considering the potential health complications this disease causes. The theoretical part will discuss the main risk factors of developing the disease, such as genetic predisposition, age, obesity and other potential factors...
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Women using addictive substances during pregnancy: the effects of substance abuse on the prenatal and postnatal development of child.
Nechanská, Blanka ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Škařupová, Kateřina (referee) ; Chvíla, Libor (referee)
Women using addictive substances during pregnancy: the effects of substance abuse on the prenatal and postnatal development of child Blanka Nechanská Abstract Background: Substance abuse among pregnant women represents a public health issue internationally, associated with high costs to the society and at the personal level for the women and children involved. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the basic socioeconomic characteristics of women with substance use disorder during pregnancy and selected characteristics neonatal outcomes their children. Another goal was to study the morbidity in children prenatally exposed to addictive substances by studying hospitalizations up to three years of age. Material and methods: Series of analysis within database-linkage study combining data on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with data from in-patient treatment in CR in 2000-2014 was performed. The sample consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with substance use disorder during pregnancy and women from general population, and their children. Neonatal outcomes were gestational age, birth weight and length, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (Small-for-Gestational-Age, SGA). Information on the number of hospita- lizations, treatment time and diagnostic groups according to ICD-10 were outcomes of...
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The current epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Central Bohemian Region
Jedličková, Kateřina ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Jágrová, Zdeňka (referee)
Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectious disease with long history, that goes to the beginnings of humanity. Nowadays, TBC is mainly creating socioeconomic issues connected with overpopulation. In 21st century, TBC remains major concern for public health in terms of infectious diseases in European region. Even though the joint efforts of political, economical and health institution are being successful, there is still need for better health care coordination, diagnosis improvement, and help to the endangered groups of people in lower income countries. The aim of this thesis is to assess the epidemiological situation of TBC incidence in the Central Bohemia region in the years from 2008 to 2017 with a special focus on impact of health and socioeconomic risk factor for developing TBC. Research questions concern population structure characteristics of TBC patients, differences between sexes and factors that affect TBC death. Methods of contingence tables, χ2 -test of independence and logistic regression were applied to analyse of the effect of age, comorbidities, and risk behaviour on the development of TBC. It was found that there are differences in age structure of patients with TBC between men and women. The most affected by TBC are men in middle and older age, while women are affected in the oldest age...
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Cancer and healthy life style: Socio-epidemiological study
Coganová, Klára ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The prevalence of cancer in the world continues to grow, faster in economically developed countries. According to current scientific knowledge, at least one third of cases could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. The present thesis therefore sought to analyze the prevalence of cancer in connection with the lifestyle of the European population, of 63,772 respondents of the SHARE study (The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) in fact. The work contains the theoretical description of the problem and the analytical part. The differences in the prevalence of the diseases of the respondents from 16 European countries were monitored in the empirical part. The relation between the incidence of cancer and the groups of diseases defined by alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity and the lifestyle of the respondents was analyzed by the method of binary logistic regression. The survey was expanded by the summarizing indicator of Healthy Lifestyle Index, compiled from smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body weight, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. The analysis, among other things, showed that with the decline in the healthy lifestyle index, the risk of malignancy in both men and women increased and is more pronounced in males. Keywords: cancer, prevalence, healthy...
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